Export notebooks to HTML and Python scripts

This commit is contained in:
Christopher Arndt 2024-05-06 07:24:21 +02:00
parent d5d776522b
commit 19c2c91fe1
9 changed files with 25118 additions and 461 deletions

7833
notebooks/basictypes.html Normal file

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@ -16,19 +16,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"42\n",
"23\n",
"65\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Ganzzahlen (Integers)\n", "# Ganzzahlen (Integers)\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -41,19 +31,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"3.14159\n",
"2.71828\n",
"8.539721265199999\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Fließkommazahlen (Floats)\n", "# Fließkommazahlen (Floats)\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -67,19 +47,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"3 1.5 4.5\n",
"<class 'float'>\n",
"0.16666666666666666\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Implizite Umwandlung von numerischen Typen\n", "# Implizite Umwandlung von numerischen Typen\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -95,24 +65,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"2\n",
"999\n",
"144\n",
"8.0\n",
"3.8\n",
"1.0\n",
"23.799999999999997\n",
"0.3333333333333333\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Grundrechenarten\n", "# Grundrechenarten\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -131,20 +86,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"64\n",
"512\n",
"512\n",
"11585.237502960395\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# X hoch Y\n", "# X hoch Y\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -160,18 +104,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"1\n",
"<class 'int'>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Modulo\n", "# Modulo\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -191,23 +126,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Dies ist ein String!\n",
"Man kann einfache oder doppelte Anführungszeichen verwenden.\n",
"Innerhalb der Anführungszeichen kann man den jeweils \"anderen Typ\" verwenden\n",
"Oder 'andersherum'.\n",
"Alternativ kann man eine Backslash als \"Escape\"-Zeichen verwenden\n",
"String-Literale, die direkt hintereinander, durch Leerzeichen getrennt, stehenwerden zusammengefügt.\n",
"Mit Klammerung klapt das auch über mehrere Zeilen hinweg\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"s = \"Dies ist ein String!\"\n", "s = \"Dies ist ein String!\"\n",
"print(s)\n", "print(s)\n",
@ -229,26 +150,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Dies ist ein langer String (\"triple quoted string\").\n",
"Er kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.\n",
"\n",
"Und Leerzeilen.\n",
"\n",
"Und auch 'einfache' oder \"doppelte\" Anführungszeichen.\n",
"\n",
"Er endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.\n",
"\n",
"'Dies ist ein langer String (\"triple quoted string\").\\nEr kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.\\n\\nUnd Leerzeilen.\\n\\nUnd auch \\'einfache\\' oder \"doppelte\" Anführungszeichen.\\n\\nEr endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.\\n'\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Längere Strings\n", "# Längere Strings\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -267,25 +171,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Erste Zeile\n",
"Zweite Zeile\n",
"Eine Zeile\n",
"Noch eine Zeile\n",
"Eins\tZwei\tDrei\n",
"1\t2\t3\n",
"'Dieser String enthält ein\\x00Null-Zeichen'\n",
"Hexadezimal-Codes können wir druckbare (e.g. '@') und nicht druckbare Zeichen (e.g. ) verwendet werden.\n",
"❤\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Escape Sequenzen\n", "# Escape Sequenzen\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -303,18 +191,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Dies ist der erste String.Und dies der zweite.\n",
"Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# String-Operationen\n", "# String-Operationen\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -328,20 +207,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"SCHREI NICHT SO LAUT!\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"klein = \"schrei nicht so laut!\"\n", "klein = \"schrei nicht so laut!\"\n",
"print(klein.upper())\n", "print(klein.upper())\n",
@ -352,19 +220,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hallo\n",
"a\n",
"Hello\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"hallo = \"Hallo\"\n", "hallo = \"Hallo\"\n",
"print(hallo)\n", "print(hallo)\n",
@ -374,21 +232,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"ename": "TypeError",
"evalue": "'str' object does not support item assignment",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m/home/chris/work/python-kurs-softed/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb Cell 16\u001b[0m line \u001b[0;36m3\n\u001b[1;32m <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/home/chris/work/python-kurs-softed/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb#X23sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=0'>1</a>\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Aber das geht nicht:\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> <a href='vscode-notebook-cell:/home/chris/work/python-kurs-softed/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb#X23sZmlsZQ%3D%3D?line=2'>3</a>\u001b[0m hallo[\u001b[39m1\u001b[39;49m] \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39me\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object does not support item assignment"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Aber das geht nicht!:\n", "# Aber das geht nicht!:\n",
"\n", "\n",

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notebooks/basictypes.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
# %% [markdown]
# # Grundlegende Datentypen und Operationen
# %% [markdown]
# ## Numerische Typen
# %%
# Ganzzahlen (Integers)
a = 42
b = 23
print(a)
print(b)
print(a + b)
# %%
# Fließkommazahlen (Floats)
pi = 3.14159
e = 2.71828
print(pi)
print(type(pi))
print(e)
print(pi * e)
# %%
# Implizite Umwandlung von numerischen Typen
i = 3
f = 1.5
summe = a + f
print(i, f, summe)
print(type(e))
z = 1
n = 6
print(z / n)
# %%
# Grundrechenarten
# Integer
print(1 + 1)
print(1_000 - 1)
print(12 * 12) # Vorsicht: Asterisk ("Sternchen"), nicht x)
print(64 / 8)
# Floats
print(0.5 + 3.3)
print(1.99 - 0.99)
print(20.0 * 1.19)
print(1.0 / 3.0)
# %%
# X hoch Y
x = 8
x2 = x ** 2
print(x2)
print(x ** 3)
print(pow(x, 3))
print(x ** e)
print(pow(x, e)) # pow akzeptiert integer und floats
# %%
# Modulo
x = 10
y = 3
rest = x % 3
print(rest)
print(type(rest))
# %% [markdown]
# # Strings
# %%
s = "Dies ist ein String!"
print(s)
s2 = 'Man kann einfache oder doppelte Anführungszeichen verwenden.'
print(s2)
s3a = 'Innerhalb der Anführungszeichen kann man den jeweils "anderen Typ" verwenden'
print(s3a)
s3b = "Oder 'andersherum'."
print(s3b)
s4 = "Alternativ kann man eine Backslash als \"Escape\"-Zeichen verwenden"
print(s4)
s5 = "String-Literale" ", die direkt hintereinander" ", durch Leerzeichen getrennt, stehen" "werden zusammengefügt."
print(s5)
s6 = ("Mit Klammerung klappt das auch "
"über mehrere Zeilen "
"hinweg")
print(s6)
# %%
# Längere Strings
long_string = """Dies ist ein langer String ("triple quoted string").
Er kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.
Und Leerzeilen.
Und auch 'einfache' oder "doppelte" Anführungszeichen.
Er endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.
"""
print(long_string)
print(repr(long_string))
# %%
# Escape Sequenzen
# Zeilenumbrüche und Tabs
print("Erste Zeile\r\nZweite Zeile") # Zeilenumbruch nach Windows-Art
print("Eine Zeile\nNoch eine Zeile") # Rest der Welt ;-)
print("Eins\tZwei\tDrei")
print("1\t2\t3")
# Null und Hexadezimal- und Unicode-Sequenzen
print(repr("Dieser String enthält ein\0Null-Zeichen"))
print("Hexadezimal-Codes können wir druckbare (e.g. '\x40') und nicht druckbare Zeichen (e.g. \x7F) verwendet werden.")
print('\u2764') # Unicode
# %%
# String-Operationen
s1 = "Dies ist der erste String."
s2 = "Und dies der zweite."
s3 = s1 + s2
print(s3)
s4 = "Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt! "
print(s4 * 3)
# %%
klein = "schrei nicht so laut!"
print(klein.upper())
print("hallo" == "HALLO".lower())
print("hallo" == "Hallo".lower())
print("straße".upper() == "STRASSE")
# %%
hallo = "Hallo"
print(hallo)
print(hallo[1])
print(hallo[0] + 'e' + hallo[2:])
# %%
# Aber das geht nicht!:
hallo[1] = 'e'

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@ -11,26 +11,14 @@
"cell_type": "markdown", "cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"source": [ "source": [
"# Listen und Tupel" "## Listen und Tupel"
] ]
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"[5, 10, 20, 30, 50]\n",
"[0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2]\n",
"['Joe', 'Alice', 'Bob', 'Charly']\n",
"[1, 'Joe', 1.4, 'Alice', 100]\n",
"['one'] [] []\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Listenliterale\n", "# Listenliterale\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -50,21 +38,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"(5, 10, 20, 30, 50)\n",
"(0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2)\n",
"('Joe', 'Alice', 'Bob', 'Charly')\n",
"(1, 'Joe', 1.4, 'Alice', 100)\n",
"('one',) ('one',) ()\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Tuplelliterale\n", "# Tuplelliterale\n",
"values = (5, 10, 20, 30, 50)\n", "values = (5, 10, 20, 30, 50)\n",
@ -78,7 +54,8 @@
"t_single = (\"one\",)\n", "t_single = (\"one\",)\n",
"t_auch_single = \"one\",\n", "t_auch_single = \"one\",\n",
"t_leer = ()\n", "t_leer = ()\n",
"print(t_single, t_auch_single, t_leer)\n" "t_auch_leer = tuple()\n",
"print(t_single, t_auch_single, t_leer, t_auch_leer)\n"
] ]
}, },
{ {
@ -90,10 +67,414 @@
"# Umwandlung\n", "# Umwandlung\n",
"\n", "\n",
"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n", "l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
"t= tuple(t)\n", "t = tuple(l)\n",
"print(l, t)\n", "print(l, t)\n",
"l = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n", "l = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",
"print(l, t)\n" "print(l, t)\n",
"l2 = list(t)\n",
"print(l2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = \"hallo\"\n",
"print(list(s))\n",
"print(tuple(s))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Indizierung"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"seasons = [\"Frühling\", \"Sommer\", \"Herbst\", \"Winter\"]\n",
"print(seasons[0]) # Erstes Element hat Index 0!\n",
"print(seasons[2])\n",
"print(seasons[-1]) # Negative Indices zählen vom letzten Element rückwärts\n",
"print(seasons[-3])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Ungültige Indizes führen zu einem Fehler (IndexError Exception)\n",
"print(seasons[4]) # 4 Elemente => gültige Indizes 0..3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Ebenso\n",
"print(seasons[-5])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Zuweisung an einzelne Listenelemente\n",
"\n",
"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
"l[1] = -1\n",
"print(l)\n",
"l[3] = \"vier\"\n",
"print(l)\n",
"l[-1] = 5.0\n",
"print(l)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Indizierung funktioniert auch mit Tupeln mit der selben Syntax\n",
"t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n",
"print(t[0], t[-2])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Aber Tuple sind nicht-veränderbar (immutable)\n",
"\n",
"t[2] = \"drei\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Slicing"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = list(range(10)) # l = [0, 1, ..., 9]\n",
"print(l[2:4]) # Start ist inklusiv, Ende nicht!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Auch wenn kein oder nur ein Element \"übrig bleibt\", ist das Ergebnis eine Liste\n",
"\n",
"print(l[2:3])\n",
"print(l[9:-1])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Start und End können leer, also \"offen\", sein\n",
"\n",
"print(l[5:])\n",
"print(l[:3]) # auch hier ist der Ende-Index nicht-inklusiv!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Sind Start und Ende leer, ist das Ergebnis eine Kopie der Liste / des Tuples\n",
"\n",
"l = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"l2 = l[:]\n",
"l[0] = 999\n",
"print(l)\n",
"print(l2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Zuweisung an Listenslices ist möglich!\n",
"\n",
"seasons = [\"Winter\", \"Frühling\", \"Sommer\", \"Herbst\"]\n",
"seasons[1:1] = [\"Karneval\"]\n",
"print(seasons)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Listen oder Tuples können mit + zu einer/m neuen Liste / Tupel zusamengefügt werden \n",
"\n",
"items = [1, 2, 3]\n",
"more_items = items + [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\n",
"print(more_items)\n",
"items[1:2] = []\n",
"print(items)\n",
"print(more_items)\n",
"more_items += [4, 6, 6]\n",
"print(more_items)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t = (1, 2, 3)\n",
"t2 = t + (4, 5, 6)\n",
"print(t)\n",
"print(t2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Achtung: \n",
"\n",
"t = (1, 2, 3)\n",
"t2 = t\n",
"print(t)\n",
"print(t2)\n",
"print(t is t2)\n",
"t += (1, 2, 3) # Tuples sind immutable, t ist eine neue Kopie!\n",
"print(t)\n",
"print(t2)\n",
"print(t is t2)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Dictionaries"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Auch Hashtables, Lookup Tables usw. genannt\n",
"# Tabellen mit Zurdnung von Schlüsseln zu werten (Key-value pairs)\n",
"\n",
"d = {}\n",
"# oder:\n",
"d = dict()\n",
"print(d)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"scores = {\n",
" \"blue team\": 40,\n",
" \"green team\": 45,\n",
" \"red team\": 30,\n",
" \"black team\": 60\n",
"}\n",
"print(scores)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Look up\n",
"\n",
"print(\"The red team scored:\", scores[\"red team\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Neue Key/Value Paare hinzufügen (Dictionaries sind veränderbar!)\n",
"\n",
"scores[\"white team\"] = 45\n",
"scores[\"rainbow team\"] = 50\n",
"print(scores)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Umwandlung\n",
"\n",
"print(tuple(scores)) # Tupel der Keys\n",
"\n",
"print(list(scores)) # Liste der Keys\n",
"\n",
"print(tuple(scores.keys()))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Iteration\n",
"\n",
"for key in scores:\n",
" print(\"Das\", key, \"hat\", scores[key], \"Punkte.\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Iteration über Key/Value Paare\n",
"\n",
"print(scores.items())\n",
"\n",
"for key, value in scores.items():\n",
" print(\"Das\", key, \"hat\", value, \"Punkte.\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Keys müsen keine Strings, aber immutable sein\n",
"# => Integers, Floats, Tuples sind ok\n",
"\n",
"numbers = {1: \"one\", 2: \"two\", 3: \"three\"}\n",
"print(numbers[2]) # Achtung: nicht mit Listenindex verwechseln!\n",
"\n",
"pixels = {\n",
" (0, 5): 'r',\n",
" (2, 7): 'b', \n",
" (3, 10): 'r',\n",
" (5, 2): 'g',\n",
" (5, 5): 'b', \n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"for row in range(6):\n",
" for col in range(10):\n",
" if (row, col) in pixels:\n",
" print(pixels[(row, col)], end=\"\")\n",
" else:\n",
" print(\".\", end=\"\")\n",
" print()\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Sets (Mengen)\n",
"\n",
"Mengen sind wie unsortierte Tupel, in denen jedes Element nur einmal vorkommen kann."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"s = set([])\n",
"print(s) # leeres Set wird repräsentiert mit 'set()', nicht '{}' (leeres Dictionary!)\n",
"\n",
"s2 = set([2,3,5])\n",
"s2.add(4)\n",
"s2.add(5) # Schon im Set enthalten\n",
"print(s2)\n",
"\n",
"for i in s2:\n",
" print(i)\n",
"\n",
"print()\n",
"\n",
"s2.add(1)\n",
"s2.remove(4)\n",
"\n",
"for i in s2:\n",
" print(i) # Reihenfolge nach Änderung nicht garantiert gleich!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Kombination\n",
"\n",
"s1 = set([1, 2, 3, 5])\n",
"s2 = set([4, 5, 6, 7])\n",
"\n",
"# Union (alle Elemente aus beiden Sets)\n",
"print(s1 | s2)\n",
"\n",
"# Intersection (alle Elemente, die sowohl in s1 als auch s2 sind)\n",
"print(s1 & s2)\n",
"\n",
"# Difference (alle Elemente in s1, die nicht auch in s2 sin)\n",
"print(s1 - s2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Siehe: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset"
] ]
} }
], ],

286
notebooks/containertypes.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
# %% [markdown]
# # Erweiterte Datentypen: Container
# %% [markdown]
# ## Listen und Tupel
# %%
# Listenliterale
values = [5, 10, 20, 30, 50]
print(values)
fractions = [0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2]
print(fractions)
names = ["Joe", "Alice", "Bob", "Charly"]
print(names)
heap = [1, "Joe", 1.4, "Alice", 100]
print(heap)
single = ["one"]
leer = []
auch_leer = list()
print(single, leer, auch_leer)
# %%
# Tuplelliterale
values = (5, 10, 20, 30, 50)
print(values)
fractions = (0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2)
print(fractions)
names = ("Joe", "Alice", "Bob", "Charly")
print(names)
heap = (1, "Joe", 1.4, "Alice", 100)
print(heap)
t_single = ("one",)
t_auch_single = "one",
t_leer = ()
t_auch_leer = tuple()
print(t_single, t_auch_single, t_leer, t_auch_leer)
# %%
# Umwandlung
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
t = tuple(l)
print(l, t)
l = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print(l, t)
l2 = list(t)
print(l2)
# %%
s = "hallo"
print(list(s))
print(tuple(s))
# %% [markdown]
# ### Indizierung
# %%
seasons = ["Frühling", "Sommer", "Herbst", "Winter"]
print(seasons[0]) # Erstes Element hat Index 0!
print(seasons[2])
print(seasons[-1]) # Negative Indices zählen vom letzten Element rückwärts
print(seasons[-3])
# %%
# Ungültige Indizes führen zu einem Fehler (IndexError Exception)
print(seasons[4]) # 4 Elemente => gültige Indizes 0..3
# %%
# Ebenso
print(seasons[-5])
# %%
# Zuweisung an einzelne Listenelemente
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
l[1] = -1
print(l)
l[3] = "vier"
print(l)
l[-1] = 5.0
print(l)
# %%
# Indizierung funktioniert auch mit Tupeln mit der selben Syntax
t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(t[0], t[-2])
# %%
# Aber Tuple sind nicht-veränderbar (immutable)
t[2] = "drei"
# %% [markdown]
# ### Slicing
# %%
l = list(range(10)) # l = [0, 1, ..., 9]
print(l[2:4]) # Start ist inklusiv, Ende nicht!
# %%
# Auch wenn kein oder nur ein Element "übrig bleibt", ist das Ergebnis eine Liste
print(l[2:3])
print(l[9:-1])
# %%
# Start und End können leer, also "offen", sein
print(l[5:])
print(l[:3]) # auch hier ist der Ende-Index nicht-inklusiv!
# %%
# Sind Start und Ende leer, ist das Ergebnis eine Kopie der Liste / des Tuples
l = [1, 2, 3]
l2 = l[:]
l[0] = 999
print(l)
print(l2)
# %%
# Zuweisung an Listenslices ist möglich!
seasons = ["Winter", "Frühling", "Sommer", "Herbst"]
seasons[1:1] = ["Karneval"]
print(seasons)
# %%
# Listen oder Tuples können mit + zu einer/m neuen Liste / Tupel zusamengefügt werden
items = [1, 2, 3]
more_items = items + ["one", "two", "three"]
print(more_items)
items[1:2] = []
print(items)
print(more_items)
more_items += [4, 6, 6]
print(more_items)
# %%
t = (1, 2, 3)
t2 = t + (4, 5, 6)
print(t)
print(t2)
# %%
# Achtung:
t = (1, 2, 3)
t2 = t
print(t)
print(t2)
print(t is t2)
t += (1, 2, 3) # Tuples sind immutable, t ist eine neue Kopie!
print(t)
print(t2)
print(t is t2)
# %% [markdown]
# ## Dictionaries
# %%
# Auch Hashtables, Lookup Tables usw. genannt
# Tabellen mit Zurdnung von Schlüsseln zu werten (Key-value pairs)
d = {}
# oder:
d = dict()
print(d)
# %%
scores = {
"blue team": 40,
"green team": 45,
"red team": 30,
"black team": 60
}
print(scores)
# %%
# Look up
print("The red team scored:", scores["red team"])
# %%
# Neue Key/Value Paare hinzufügen (Dictionaries sind veränderbar!)
scores["white team"] = 45
scores["rainbow team"] = 50
print(scores)
# %%
# Umwandlung
print(tuple(scores)) # Tupel der Keys
print(list(scores)) # Liste der Keys
print(tuple(scores.keys()))
# %%
# Iteration
for key in scores:
print("Das", key, "hat", scores[key], "Punkte.")
# %%
# Iteration über Key/Value Paare
print(scores.items())
for key, value in scores.items():
print("Das", key, "hat", value, "Punkte.")
# %%
# Keys müsen keine Strings, aber immutable sein
# => Integers, Floats, Tuples sind ok
numbers = {1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"}
print(numbers[2]) # Achtung: nicht mit Listenindex verwechseln!
pixels = {
(0, 5): 'r',
(2, 7): 'b',
(3, 10): 'r',
(5, 2): 'g',
(5, 5): 'b',
}
for row in range(6):
for col in range(10):
if (row, col) in pixels:
print(pixels[(row, col)], end="")
else:
print(".", end="")
print()
# %% [markdown]
# ## Sets (Mengen)
#
# Mengen sind wie unsortierte Tupel, in denen jedes Element nur einmal vorkommen kann.
# %%
s = set([])
print(s) # leeres Set wird repräsentiert mit 'set()', nicht '{}' (leeres Dictionary!)
s2 = set([2,3,5])
s2.add(4)
s2.add(5) # Schon im Set enthalten
print(s2)
for i in s2:
print(i)
print()
s2.add(1)
s2.remove(4)
for i in s2:
print(i) # Reihenfolge nach Änderung nicht garantiert gleich!
# %%
# Kombination
s1 = set([1, 2, 3, 5])
s2 = set([4, 5, 6, 7])
# Union (alle Elemente aus beiden Sets)
print(s1 | s2)
# Intersection (alle Elemente, die sowohl in s1 als auch s2 sind)
print(s1 & s2)
# Difference (alle Elemente in s1, die nicht auch in s2 sin)
print(s1 - s2)
# %% [markdown]
# Siehe: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset

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@ -16,17 +16,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Hmm, ob das so stimmt?\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# if / else / elif\n", "# if / else / elif\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -42,17 +34,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"richtung = \"s\"\n", "richtung = \"s\"\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -68,17 +52,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Auf in den hohen Norden!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# match\n", "# match\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -107,21 +83,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 0\n",
"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 1\n",
"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 2\n",
"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 3\n",
"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 4\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# for\n", "# for\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -131,17 +95,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Summer der Zahlen 1-10: 55\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"result = 0\n", "result = 0\n",
"for i in range(1, 11):\n", "for i in range(1, 11):\n",
@ -151,17 +107,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"9 passt in die Reihe\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"for i in (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10):\n", "for i in (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10):\n",
" if i % 2:\n", " if i % 2:\n",
@ -170,17 +118,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"10 ... 9 ... 8 ... 7 ... 6 ... 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 ... Lift off!\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# while\n", "# while\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -193,25 +133,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"10\n",
"11\n",
"12\n",
"14\n",
"15\n",
"16\n",
"17\n",
"18\n",
"19\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# continue\n", "# continue\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -223,17 +147,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Iteration: 142\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# break\n", "# break\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -253,17 +169,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"alphabet = \"abcdefghifklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"\n", "alphabet = \"abcdefghifklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"\n",
"buchstabe = \"q\"\n", "buchstabe = \"q\"\n",
@ -277,17 +185,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# einfacher:\n", "# einfacher:\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -306,17 +206,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"256 256 100\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Aufruf eingebauter Funktionen\n", "# Aufruf eingebauter Funktionen\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -328,18 +220,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# optionale Parameter\n", "# optionale Parameter\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -349,17 +232,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"5\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# eigene Funktionen\n", "# eigene Funktionen\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -371,18 +246,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"15\n",
"24\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Keyword arguments\n", "# Keyword arguments\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -392,18 +258,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"ename": "SyntaxError",
"evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (1525390589.py, line 2)",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;36m Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[21], line 2\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m print(add(a=6, 10))\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Das geht nicht:\n", "# Das geht nicht:\n",
"print(add(a=6, 10))" "print(add(a=6, 10))"
@ -418,24 +275,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"False\n",
"True\n",
"False\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"False\n",
"True\n",
"True\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"a = 10\n", "a = 10\n",
"b = 50\n", "b = 50\n",
@ -454,20 +296,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"False\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Negation\n", "# Negation\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -479,19 +310,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# logische Kombination\n", "# logische Kombination\n",
"\n", "\n",
@ -502,20 +323,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 41, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"False\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"# Bool'scher (True/False) Wert von Integers, Floats und Strings \n", "# Bool'scher (True/False) Wert von Integers, Floats und Strings \n",
"print(a > c)\n", "print(a > c)\n",
@ -527,26 +337,9 @@
}, },
{ {
"cell_type": "code", "cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 45, "execution_count": null,
"metadata": {}, "metadata": {},
"outputs": [ "outputs": [],
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"False\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"False\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"True\n",
"False\n",
"True\n"
]
}
],
"source": [ "source": [
"print(bool(0))\n", "print(bool(0))\n",
"print(bool(1))\n", "print(bool(1))\n",

214
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@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
# %% [markdown]
# # Kontrollstrukturen und Vergleichsoperatoren
# %% [markdown]
# ## Verzweigung (Branching)
# %%
# if / else / elif
alter = -1
if alter >= 16:
print("Nicht vergessen: am 9.6.2024 ist Europa-Wahl!")
elif alter > 0:
print("Schön, dass du geboren bist!")
else:
print("Hmm, ob das so stimmt?")
# %%
richtung = "s"
if richtung == "n":
print("Auf in den hohen Norden!")
elif richtung == "s":
print("Nach Süden, nach Süden!")
elif richtung == "w":
print("Go west!")
elif richtung == "o":
print("Bin schon da.")
# %%
# match
# richtung = input("Wo soll's denn lang gehen? ")
richtung = "n"
match richtung:
case "n" | "norden":
print("Auf in den hohen Norden!")
case "s" | "süden":
print("Nach Süden, nach Süden!")
case "w" | "westen":
print("Go west!")
case "o" | "osten":
print("Bin schon da.")
case _:
print("Das Glück liegt manchmal abseits des direkten Wegs!")
# %% [markdown]
# ## Schleifen
# %%
# for
for i in range(5):
print("Schleifendurchlauf Nr. ", i)
# %%
result = 0
for i in range(1, 11):
result += i
print("Summe der Zahlen 1-10:", result)
# %%
for i in (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10):
if i % 2:
print(i, "passt nicht in die Reihe")
# %%
# while
i = 10
while i > 0: # or: while True:
print(i, "... ", end="")
i -= 1
print("Lift off!")
# %%
# continue
for i in range(10, 20):
if i == 13:
continue
print(i)
# %%
# break
i = 0
result = 0
maximum = 10_000
while True:
result += i
if result >= maximum:
print("Iteration: ", i+1)
break
i += 1
# %%
alphabet = "abcdefghifklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
buchstabe = "q"
i = 0
for char in alphabet:
i += 1
if char == buchstabe:
print(buchstabe, "ist Buchstabe Nr.", i, "des dt. Alphabets.")
break
# %%
# einfacher:
for i, char in enumerate(alphabet):
if char == buchstabe:
print(buchstabe, "ist Buchstabe Nr.", i + 1, "des dt. Alphabets.")
break
# %% [markdown]
# # Funktionen
# %%
# Aufruf eingebauter Funktionen
x = pow(2, 8)
y = max(x, 100)
z = min(max(0, x), 100)
print(x, y, z)
# %%
# optionale Parameter
print()
print("")
# %%
# eigene Funktionen
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(2, 3))
# %%
# Keyword arguments
print(add(a=5, b=10))
print(add(4, b=20))
# %%
# Das geht nicht:
print(add(a=6, 10))
# %% [markdown]
# # Vergleichsausdrücke
# %%
a = 10
b = 50
c = 2
d = 5 * a
print(a == b)
print(a != d)
print(a > b)
print(a > c)
print(a >= c)
print(c > a)
print(c < b)
print(c >= 2)
# %%
# Negation
print(not c > a)
print(not a == b) # klarer: a != b
print(not b != d) # klarer: b == d
print(not a > c)
# %%
# logische Kombination
print(b > a and a > c)
print(a > b or a > c)
print(not a < c and b >= d)
# %%
# Bool'scher (True/False) Wert von Integers, Floats und Strings
print(a > c)
print(bool(a > c)) ## redundant, da Vergleichsausdrücke immer einen bool'schen Wert haben
# Aber:
print(bool(a))
print(not a) # auch ein bool'scher Ausdruck
# %%
print(bool(0))
print(bool(1))
print(bool(-1))
print(bool(0.0))
print(bool(0.1))
print(bool(-0.1))
print(bool("True"))
print(bool("False")) # !!!
print(bool(""))
print(bool("\0"))