503 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
503 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Erweiterte Datentypen: Container"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Listen und Tupel"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Listenliterale\n",
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"\n",
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"values = [5, 10, 20, 30, 50]\n",
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"print(values)\n",
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"fractions = [0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2]\n",
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"print(fractions)\n",
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"names = [\"Joe\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charly\"]\n",
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"print(names)\n",
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"heap = [1, \"Joe\", 1.4, \"Alice\", 100]\n",
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"print(heap)\n",
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"single = [\"one\"]\n",
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"leer = []\n",
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"auch_leer = list()\n",
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"print(single, leer, auch_leer)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Tuplelliterale\n",
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"values = (5, 10, 20, 30, 50)\n",
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"print(values)\n",
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"fractions = (0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2)\n",
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"print(fractions)\n",
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"names = (\"Joe\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charly\")\n",
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"print(names)\n",
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"heap = (1, \"Joe\", 1.4, \"Alice\", 100)\n",
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"print(heap)\n",
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"t_single = (\"one\",)\n",
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"t_auch_single = \"one\",\n",
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"t_leer = ()\n",
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"t_auch_leer = tuple()\n",
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"print(t_single, t_auch_single, t_leer, t_auch_leer)\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Umwandlung\n",
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"\n",
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"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
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"t = tuple(l)\n",
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"print(l, t)\n",
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"l = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",
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"print(l, t)\n",
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"l2 = list(t)\n",
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"print(l2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"s = \"hallo\"\n",
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"print(list(s))\n",
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"print(tuple(s))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### Indizierung"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"seasons = [\"Frühling\", \"Sommer\", \"Herbst\", \"Winter\"]\n",
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"print(seasons[0]) # Erstes Element hat Index 0!\n",
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"print(seasons[2])\n",
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"print(seasons[-1]) # Negative Indices zählen vom letzten Element rückwärts\n",
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"print(seasons[-3])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Ungültige Indizes führen zu einem Fehler (IndexError Exception)\n",
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"print(seasons[4]) # 4 Elemente => gültige Indizes 0..3"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Ebenso\n",
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"print(seasons[-5])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Zuweisung an einzelne Listenelemente\n",
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"\n",
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"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",
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"l[1] = -1\n",
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"print(l)\n",
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"l[3] = \"vier\"\n",
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"print(l)\n",
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"l[-1] = 5.0\n",
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"print(l)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Indizierung funktioniert auch mit Tupeln mit der selben Syntax\n",
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"t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n",
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"print(t[0], t[-2])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Aber Tuple sind nicht-veränderbar (immutable)\n",
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"\n",
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"t[2] = \"drei\""
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### Slicing"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"l = list(range(10)) # l = [0, 1, ..., 9]\n",
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"print(l[2:4]) # Start ist inklusiv, Ende nicht!"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Auch wenn kein oder nur ein Element \"übrig bleibt\", ist das Ergebnis eine Liste\n",
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"\n",
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"print(l[2:3])\n",
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"print(l[9:-1])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Start und End können leer, also \"offen\", sein\n",
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"\n",
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"print(l[5:])\n",
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"print(l[:3]) # auch hier ist der Ende-Index nicht-inklusiv!"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Sind Start und Ende leer, ist das Ergebnis eine Kopie der Liste / des Tuples\n",
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"\n",
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"l = [1, 2, 3]\n",
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"l2 = l[:]\n",
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"l[0] = 999\n",
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"print(l)\n",
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"print(l2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Zuweisung an Listenslices ist möglich!\n",
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"\n",
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"seasons = [\"Winter\", \"Frühling\", \"Sommer\", \"Herbst\"]\n",
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"seasons[1:1] = [\"Karneval\"]\n",
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"print(seasons)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Listen oder Tuples können mit + zu einer/m neuen Liste / Tupel zusamengefügt werden \n",
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"\n",
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"items = [1, 2, 3]\n",
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"more_items = items + [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\n",
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"print(more_items)\n",
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"items[1:2] = []\n",
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"print(items)\n",
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"print(more_items)\n",
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"more_items += [4, 6, 6]\n",
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"print(more_items)\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"t = (1, 2, 3)\n",
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"t2 = t + (4, 5, 6)\n",
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"print(t)\n",
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"print(t2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Achtung: \n",
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"\n",
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"t = (1, 2, 3)\n",
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"t2 = t\n",
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"print(t)\n",
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"print(t2)\n",
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"print(t is t2)\n",
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"t += (1, 2, 3) # Tuples sind immutable, t ist eine neue Kopie!\n",
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"print(t)\n",
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"print(t2)\n",
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"print(t is t2)\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Dictionaries"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Auch Hashtables, Lookup Tables usw. genannt\n",
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"# Tabellen mit Zurdnung von Schlüsseln zu werten (Key-value pairs)\n",
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"\n",
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"d = {}\n",
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"# oder:\n",
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"d = dict()\n",
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"print(d)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"scores = {\n",
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" \"blue team\": 40,\n",
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" \"green team\": 45,\n",
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" \"red team\": 30,\n",
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" \"black team\": 60\n",
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"}\n",
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"print(scores)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Look up\n",
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"\n",
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"print(\"The red team scored:\", scores[\"red team\"])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Neue Key/Value Paare hinzufügen (Dictionaries sind veränderbar!)\n",
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"\n",
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"scores[\"white team\"] = 45\n",
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"scores[\"rainbow team\"] = 50\n",
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"print(scores)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Umwandlung\n",
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"\n",
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"print(tuple(scores)) # Tupel der Keys\n",
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"\n",
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"print(list(scores)) # Liste der Keys\n",
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"\n",
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"print(tuple(scores.keys()))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Iteration\n",
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"\n",
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"for key in scores:\n",
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" print(\"Das\", key, \"hat\", scores[key], \"Punkte.\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Iteration über Key/Value Paare\n",
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"\n",
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"print(scores.items())\n",
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"\n",
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"for key, value in scores.items():\n",
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" print(\"Das\", key, \"hat\", value, \"Punkte.\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Keys müsen keine Strings, aber immutable sein\n",
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"# => Integers, Floats, Tuples sind ok\n",
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"\n",
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"numbers = {1: \"one\", 2: \"two\", 3: \"three\"}\n",
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"print(numbers[2]) # Achtung: nicht mit Listenindex verwechseln!\n",
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"\n",
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"pixels = {\n",
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" (0, 5): 'r',\n",
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" (2, 7): 'b', \n",
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" (3, 10): 'r',\n",
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" (5, 2): 'g',\n",
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" (5, 5): 'b', \n",
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"}\n",
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"\n",
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"for row in range(6):\n",
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" for col in range(10):\n",
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" if (row, col) in pixels:\n",
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" print(pixels[(row, col)], end=\"\")\n",
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" else:\n",
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" print(\".\", end=\"\")\n",
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" print()\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Sets (Mengen)\n",
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"\n",
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"Mengen sind wie unsortierte Tupel, in denen jedes Element nur einmal vorkommen kann."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"s = set([])\n",
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"print(s) # leeres Set wird repräsentiert mit 'set()', nicht '{}' (leeres Dictionary!)\n",
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"\n",
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"s2 = set([2,3,5])\n",
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"s2.add(4)\n",
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"s2.add(5) # Schon im Set enthalten\n",
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"print(s2)\n",
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"\n",
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"for i in s2:\n",
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" print(i)\n",
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"\n",
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"print()\n",
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"\n",
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"s2.add(1)\n",
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"s2.remove(4)\n",
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"\n",
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"for i in s2:\n",
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" print(i) # Reihenfolge nach Änderung nicht garantiert gleich!"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Kombination\n",
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"\n",
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"s1 = set([1, 2, 3, 5])\n",
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"s2 = set([4, 5, 6, 7])\n",
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"\n",
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"# Union (alle Elemente aus beiden Sets)\n",
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"print(s1 | s2)\n",
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"\n",
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"# Intersection (alle Elemente, die sowohl in s1 als auch s2 sind)\n",
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"print(s1 & s2)\n",
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"\n",
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"# Difference (alle Elemente in s1, die nicht auch in s2 sin)\n",
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"print(s1 - s2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Siehe: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#set-types-set-frozenset"
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "softed",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "softed"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.11.8"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}
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