586 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
586 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Kontrollstrukturen und Vergleichsoperatoren"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Verzweigung (Branching)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Hmm, ob das so stimmt?\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# if / else / elif\n",
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"\n",
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"alter = -1\n",
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"\n",
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"if alter >= 16:\n",
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" print(\"Nicht vergessen: am 9.6.2024 ist Europa-Wahl!\")\n",
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"elif alter > 0:\n",
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" print(\"Schön, dass du geboren bist!\")\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print(\"Hmm, ob das so stimmt?\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"richtung = \"s\"\n",
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"\n",
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"if richtung == \"n\":\n",
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" print(\"Auf in den hohen Norden!\")\n",
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"elif richtung == \"s\":\n",
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" print(\"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\")\n",
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"elif richtung == \"w\":\n",
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" print(\"Go west!\")\n",
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"elif richtung == \"o\":\n",
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" print(\"Bin schon da.\")\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Auf in den hohen Norden!\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# match\n",
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"\n",
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"# richtung = input(\"Wo soll's denn lang gehen? \")\n",
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"richtung = \"n\"\n",
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"\n",
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"match richtung:\n",
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" case \"n\" | \"norden\":\n",
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" print(\"Auf in den hohen Norden!\")\n",
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" case \"s\" | \"süden\":\n",
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" print(\"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\")\n",
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" case \"w\" | \"westen\":\n",
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" print(\"Go west!\")\n",
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" case \"o\" | \"osten\":\n",
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" print(\"Bin schon da.\")\n",
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" case _:\n",
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" print(\"Das Glück liegt manchmal abseits des direkten Wegs!\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Schleifen"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 0\n",
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"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 1\n",
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"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 2\n",
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"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 3\n",
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"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 4\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# for\n",
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"\n",
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"for i in range(5):\n",
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" print(\"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. \", i)\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 17,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Summer der Zahlen 1-10: 55\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"result = 0\n",
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"for i in range(1, 11):\n",
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" result += i\n",
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"print(\"Summe der Zahlen 1-10:\", result)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 18,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"9 passt in die Reihe\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"for i in (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10):\n",
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" if i % 2:\n",
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" print(i, \"passt nicht in die Reihe\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"10 ... 9 ... 8 ... 7 ... 6 ... 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 ... Lift off!\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# while\n",
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"\n",
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"i = 10\n",
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"while i > 0: # or: while True:\n",
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" print(i, \"... \", end=\"\")\n",
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" i -= 1\n",
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"print(\"Lift off!\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"10\n",
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"11\n",
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"12\n",
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"14\n",
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"15\n",
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"16\n",
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"17\n",
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"18\n",
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"19\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# continue\n",
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"\n",
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"for i in range(10, 20):\n",
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" if i == 13:\n",
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" continue\n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Iteration: 142\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# break\n",
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"\n",
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"i = 0\n",
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"result = 0\n",
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"maximum = 10_000\n",
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"\n",
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"while True:\n",
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" result += i\n",
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"\n",
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" if result >= maximum:\n",
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" print(\"Iteration: \", i+1)\n",
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" break\n",
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"\n",
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" i += 1\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"alphabet = \"abcdefghifklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"\n",
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"buchstabe = \"q\"\n",
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"i = 0\n",
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"for char in alphabet:\n",
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" i += 1\n",
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" if char == buchstabe:\n",
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" print(buchstabe, \"ist Buchstabe Nr.\", i, \"des dt. Alphabets.\")\n",
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" break\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# einfacher:\n",
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"\n",
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"for i, char in enumerate(alphabet):\n",
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" if char == buchstabe:\n",
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" print(buchstabe, \"ist Buchstabe Nr.\", i + 1, \"des dt. Alphabets.\")\n",
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" break"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Funktionen"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 14,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"256 256 100\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Aufruf eingebauter Funktionen\n",
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"\n",
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"x = pow(2, 8)\n",
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"y = max(x, 100)\n",
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"z = min(max(0, x), 100)\n",
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"print(x, y, z)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"\n",
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# optionale Parameter\n",
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"\n",
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"print()\n",
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"print(\"\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"5\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# eigene Funktionen\n",
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"\n",
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"def add(a, b):\n",
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" return a + b\n",
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"\n",
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"print(add(2, 3))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 20,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"15\n",
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"24\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Keyword arguments\n",
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"\n",
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"print(add(a=5, b=10))\n",
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"print(add(4, b=20))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 21,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "SyntaxError",
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"evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (1525390589.py, line 2)",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[0;36m Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[21], line 2\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m print(add(a=6, 10))\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Das geht nicht:\n",
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"print(add(a=6, 10))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Vergleichsausdrücke"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 23,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"False\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a = 10\n",
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"b = 50\n",
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"c = 2\n",
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"d = 5 * a\n",
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"\n",
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"print(a == b)\n",
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"print(a != d)\n",
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"print(a > b)\n",
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"print(a > c)\n",
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"print(a >= c)\n",
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"print(c > a)\n",
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"print(c < b)\n",
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"print(c >= 2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 32,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Negation\n",
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"\n",
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"print(not c > a)\n",
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"print(not a == b) # klarer: a != b\n",
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"print(not b != d) # klarer: b == d\n",
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"print(not a > c)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 31,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# logische Kombination\n",
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"\n",
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"print(b > a and a > c)\n",
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"print(a > b or a > c)\n",
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"print(not a < c and b >= d)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 41,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Bool'scher (True/False) Wert von Integers, Floats und Strings \n",
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"print(a > c)\n",
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"print(bool(a > c)) ## redundant, da Vergleichsausdrücke immer einen bool'schen Wert haben\n",
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"# Aber:\n",
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"print(bool(a))\n",
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"print(not a) # auch ein bool'scher Ausdruck\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 45,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"False\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"False\n",
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(bool(0))\n",
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"print(bool(1))\n",
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"print(bool(-1))\n",
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"print(bool(0.0))\n",
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"print(bool(0.1))\n",
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"print(bool(-0.1))\n",
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"print(bool(\"True\"))\n",
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"print(bool(\"False\")) # !!!\n",
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"print(bool(\"\"))\n",
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"print(bool(\"\\0\"))\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "softed",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "softed"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.11.8"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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|
"nbformat_minor": 2
|
|
}
|