diff --git a/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb b/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d618994 --- /dev/null +++ b/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,420 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Grundlegende Datentypen und Operationen" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Numerische Typen" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "42\n", + "23\n", + "65\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Ganzzahlen (Integers)\n", + "\n", + "a = 42\n", + "b = 23\n", + "print(a)\n", + "print(b)\n", + "print(a + b)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "3.14159\n", + "2.71828\n", + "8.539721265199999\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Fließkommazahlen (Floats)\n", + "\n", + "pi = 3.14159\n", + "e = 2.71828\n", + "print(pi)\n", + "print(type(pi))\n", + "print(e)\n", + "print(pi * e)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "3 1.5 4.5\n", + "\n", + "0.16666666666666666\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Implizite Umwandlung von numerischen Typen\n", + "\n", + "i = 3\n", + "f = 1.5\n", + "summe = a + f\n", + "print(i, f, summe)\n", + "print(type(e))\n", + "z = 1\n", + "n = 6\n", + "print(z / n)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "2\n", + "999\n", + "144\n", + "8.0\n", + "3.8\n", + "1.0\n", + "23.799999999999997\n", + "0.3333333333333333\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Grundrechenarten\n", + "\n", + "# Integer\n", + "print(1 + 1)\n", + "print(1_000 - 1)\n", + "print(12 * 12) # Vorsicht: Asterisk (\"Sternchen\"), nicht x)\n", + "print(64 / 8)\n", + "\n", + "# Floats\n", + "print(0.5 + 3.3)\n", + "print(1.99 - 0.99)\n", + "print(20.0 * 1.19)\n", + "print(1.0 / 3.0)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 6, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "64\n", + "512\n", + "512\n", + "11585.237502960395\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# X hoch Y\n", + "\n", + "x = 8\n", + "x2 = x ** 2\n", + "print(x2)\n", + "print(x ** 3)\n", + "print(pow(x, 3))\n", + "\n", + "print(x ** e)\n", + "print(pow(x, e)) # pow akzeptiert integer und floats" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 9, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "1\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Modulo\n", + "\n", + "x = 10\n", + "y = 3\n", + "rest = x % 3\n", + "print(rest)\n", + "print(type(rest))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Strings" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dies ist ein String!\n", + "Man kann einfache oder doppelte Anführungszeichen verwenden.\n", + "Innerhalb der Anführungszeichen kann man den jeweils \"anderen Typ\" verwenden\n", + "Oder 'andersherum'.\n", + "Alternativ kann man eine Backslash als \"Escape\"-Zeichen verwenden\n", + "String-Literale, die direkt hintereinander, durch Leerzeichen getrennt, stehenwerden zusammengefügt.\n", + "Mit Klammerung klapt das auch über mehrere Zeilen hinweg\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "s = \"Dies ist ein String!\"\n", + "print(s)\n", + "s2 = 'Man kann einfache oder doppelte Anführungszeichen verwenden.'\n", + "print(s2)\n", + "s3a = 'Innerhalb der Anführungszeichen kann man den jeweils \"anderen Typ\" verwenden'\n", + "print(s3a)\n", + "s3b = \"Oder 'andersherum'.\"\n", + "print(s3b)\n", + "s4 = \"Alternativ kann man eine Backslash als \\\"Escape\\\"-Zeichen verwenden\"\n", + "print(s4)\n", + "s5 = \"String-Literale\" \", die direkt hintereinander\" \", durch Leerzeichen getrennt, stehen\" \"werden zusammengefügt.\"\n", + "print(s5)\n", + "s6 = (\"Mit Klammerung klappt das auch \"\n", + " \"über mehrere Zeilen \"\n", + " \"hinweg\")\n", + "print(s6)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dies ist ein langer String (\"triple quoted string\").\n", + "Er kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.\n", + "\n", + "Und Leerzeilen.\n", + "\n", + "Und auch 'einfache' oder \"doppelte\" Anführungszeichen.\n", + "\n", + "Er endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.\n", + "\n", + "'Dies ist ein langer String (\"triple quoted string\").\\nEr kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.\\n\\nUnd Leerzeilen.\\n\\nUnd auch \\'einfache\\' oder \"doppelte\" Anführungszeichen.\\n\\nEr endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.\\n'\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Längere Strings\n", + "\n", + "long_string = \"\"\"Dies ist ein langer String (\"triple quoted string\").\n", + "Er kann Zeilenumbrüche enthalten.\n", + "\n", + "Und Leerzeilen.\n", + "\n", + "Und auch 'einfache' oder \"doppelte\" Anführungszeichen.\n", + "\n", + "Er endet mit drei weiteren Anführungszeichen des gleichen Typs.\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "print(long_string)\n", + "print(repr(long_string))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Erste Zeile\n", + "Zweite Zeile\n", + "Eine Zeile\n", + "Noch eine Zeile\n", + "Eins\tZwei\tDrei\n", + "1\t2\t3\n", + "'Dieser String enthält ein\\x00Null-Zeichen'\n", + "Hexadezimal-Codes können wir druckbare (e.g. '@') und nicht druckbare Zeichen (e.g. ) verwendet werden.\n", + "❤\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Escape Sequenzen\n", + "\n", + "# Zeilenumbrüche und Tabs\n", + "print(\"Erste Zeile\\r\\nZweite Zeile\") # Zeilenumbruch nach Windows-Art \n", + "print(\"Eine Zeile\\nNoch eine Zeile\") # Rest der Welt ;-)\n", + "print(\"Eins\\tZwei\\tDrei\")\n", + "print(\"1\\t2\\t3\")\n", + "\n", + "# Null und Hexadezimal- und Unicode-Sequenzen\n", + "print(repr(\"Dieser String enthält ein\\0Null-Zeichen\"))\n", + "print(\"Hexadezimal-Codes können wir druckbare (e.g. '\\x40') und nicht druckbare Zeichen (e.g. \\x7F) verwendet werden.\")\n", + "print('\\u2764') # Unicode" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 19, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Dies ist der erste String.Und dies der zweite.\n", + "Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt!\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# String-Operationen\n", + "\n", + "s1 = \"Dies ist der erste String.\"\n", + "s2 = \"Und dies der zweite.\"\n", + "s3 = s1 + s2\n", + "print(s3)\n", + "s4 = \"Ich habe es dir schon dreimal gesagt! \"\n", + "print(s4 * 3)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "SCHREI NICHT SO LAUT!\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "klein = \"schrei nicht so laut!\"\n", + "print(klein.upper())\n", + "print(\"hallo\" == \"HALLO\".lower())\n", + "print(\"hallo\" == \"Hallo\".lower())\n", + "print(\"straße\".upper() == \"STRASSE\")\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hallo\n", + "a\n", + "Hello\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "hallo = \"Hallo\"\n", + "print(hallo)\n", + "print(hallo[1])\n", + "print(hallo[0] + 'e' + hallo[2:])" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 24, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "ename": "TypeError", + "evalue": "'str' object does not support item assignment", + "output_type": "error", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m", + "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", + "\u001b[1;32m/home/chris/work/python-kurs-softed/notebooks/basictypes.ipynb Cell 16\u001b[0m line \u001b[0;36m3\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Aber das geht nicht:\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0m hallo[\u001b[39m1\u001b[39;49m] \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39me\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\n", + "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object does not support item assignment" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Aber das geht nicht!:\n", + "\n", + "hallo[1] = 'e'" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "softed", + "language": "python", + "name": "softed" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.11.8" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/notebooks/controlflow.ipynb b/notebooks/controlflow.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..005e9ed --- /dev/null +++ b/notebooks/controlflow.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Kontrollstrukturen und Vergleichsoperatoren" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Verzweigung (Branching)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Hmm, ob das so stimmt?\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# if / else / elif\n", + "\n", + "alter = -1\n", + "\n", + "if alter >= 16:\n", + " print(\"Nicht vergessen: am 9.6.2024 ist Europa-Wahl!\")\n", + "elif alter > 0:\n", + " print(\"Schön, dass du geboren bist!\")\n", + "else:\n", + " print(\"Hmm, ob das so stimmt?\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 7, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Nach Süden, nach Süden!\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "richtung = \"s\"\n", + "\n", + "if richtung == \"n\":\n", + " print(\"Auf in den hohen Norden!\")\n", + "elif richtung == \"s\":\n", + " print(\"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\")\n", + "elif richtung == \"w\":\n", + " print(\"Go west!\")\n", + "elif richtung == \"o\":\n", + " print(\"Bin schon da.\")\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Auf in den hohen Norden!\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# match\n", + "\n", + "# richtung = input(\"Wo soll's denn lang gehen? \")\n", + "richtung = \"n\"\n", + "\n", + "match richtung:\n", + " case \"n\" | \"norden\":\n", + " print(\"Auf in den hohen Norden!\")\n", + " case \"s\" | \"süden\":\n", + " print(\"Nach Süden, nach Süden!\")\n", + " case \"w\" | \"westen\":\n", + " print(\"Go west!\")\n", + " case \"o\" | \"osten\":\n", + " print(\"Bin schon da.\")\n", + " case _:\n", + " print(\"Das Glück liegt manchmal abseits des direkten Wegs!\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Schleifen" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 0\n", + "Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 1\n", + "Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 2\n", + "Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 3\n", + "Schleifendurchlauf Nr. 4\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# for\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(5):\n", + " print(\"Schleifendurchlauf Nr. \", i)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 17, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Summer der Zahlen 1-10: 55\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "result = 0\n", + "for i in range(1, 11):\n", + " result += i\n", + "print(\"Summe der Zahlen 1-10:\", result)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 18, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "9 passt in die Reihe\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "for i in (2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10):\n", + " if i % 2:\n", + " print(i, \"passt nicht in die Reihe\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "10 ... 9 ... 8 ... 7 ... 6 ... 5 ... 4 ... 3 ... 2 ... 1 ... Lift off!\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# while\n", + "\n", + "i = 10\n", + "while i > 0: # or: while True:\n", + " print(i, \"... \", end=\"\")\n", + " i -= 1\n", + "print(\"Lift off!\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "10\n", + "11\n", + "12\n", + "14\n", + "15\n", + "16\n", + "17\n", + "18\n", + "19\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# continue\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(10, 20):\n", + " if i == 13:\n", + " continue\n", + " print(i)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Iteration: 142\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# break\n", + "\n", + "i = 0\n", + "result = 0\n", + "maximum = 10_000\n", + "\n", + "while True:\n", + " result += i\n", + "\n", + " if result >= maximum:\n", + " print(\"Iteration: \", i+1)\n", + " break\n", + "\n", + " i += 1\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "alphabet = \"abcdefghifklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"\n", + "buchstabe = \"q\"\n", + "i = 0\n", + "for char in alphabet:\n", + " i += 1\n", + " if char == buchstabe:\n", + " print(buchstabe, \"ist Buchstabe Nr.\", i, \"des dt. Alphabets.\")\n", + " break\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 11, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "q ist Buchstabe Nr. 17 des dt. Alphabets.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# einfacher:\n", + "\n", + "for i, char in enumerate(alphabet):\n", + " if char == buchstabe:\n", + " print(buchstabe, \"ist Buchstabe Nr.\", i + 1, \"des dt. Alphabets.\")\n", + " break" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Funktionen" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 14, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "256 256 100\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Aufruf eingebauter Funktionen\n", + "\n", + "x = pow(2, 8)\n", + "y = max(x, 100)\n", + "z = min(max(0, x), 100)\n", + "print(x, y, z)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 15, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# optionale Parameter\n", + "\n", + "print()\n", + "print(\"\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 16, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "5\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# eigene Funktionen\n", + "\n", + "def add(a, b):\n", + " return a + b\n", + "\n", + "print(add(2, 3))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 20, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "15\n", + "24\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Keyword arguments\n", + "\n", + "print(add(a=5, b=10))\n", + "print(add(4, b=20))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 21, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "ename": "SyntaxError", + "evalue": "positional argument follows keyword argument (1525390589.py, line 2)", + "output_type": "error", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[0;36m Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[21], line 2\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m print(add(a=6, 10))\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m positional argument follows keyword argument\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Das geht nicht:\n", + "print(add(a=6, 10))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Vergleichsausdrücke" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 23, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "False\n", + "True\n", + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a = 10\n", + "b = 50\n", + "c = 2\n", + "d = 5 * a\n", + "\n", + "print(a == b)\n", + "print(a != d)\n", + "print(a > b)\n", + "print(a > c)\n", + "print(a >= c)\n", + "print(c > a)\n", + "print(c < b)\n", + "print(c >= 2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 32, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Negation\n", + "\n", + "print(not c > a)\n", + "print(not a == b) # klarer: a != b\n", + "print(not b != d) # klarer: b == d\n", + "print(not a > c)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 31, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# logische Kombination\n", + "\n", + "print(b > a and a > c)\n", + "print(a > b or a > c)\n", + "print(not a < c and b >= d)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 41, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# Bool'scher (True/False) Wert von Integers, Floats und Strings \n", + "print(a > c)\n", + "print(bool(a > c)) ## redundant, da Vergleichsausdrücke immer einen bool'schen Wert haben\n", + "# Aber:\n", + "print(bool(a))\n", + "print(not a) # auch ein bool'scher Ausdruck\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 45, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n", + "True\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print(bool(0))\n", + "print(bool(1))\n", + "print(bool(-1))\n", + "print(bool(0.0))\n", + "print(bool(0.1))\n", + "print(bool(-0.1))\n", + "print(bool(\"True\"))\n", + "print(bool(\"False\")) # !!!\n", + "print(bool(\"\"))\n", + "print(bool(\"\\0\"))\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "softed", + "language": "python", + "name": "softed" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.11.8" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +}